Senin, 15 Agustus 2011

TRANSFORMASI GEOMETRI


TRANSFORMASI GEOMETRI
1. Pengertian Transformasi
Transformasi T dibidang adalah suatu pemetaan titik pada suatu bidang ke himpunan titik pada bidang yang sama.
Jenis-jenis transformasi yang dapat dilakukan antara lain :
  1. Translasi (Pergeseran)
  2. Refleksi (Pencerminan)
  3. Rotasi (Perputaran)
  4. Dilatasi (Perkalian)

2. Translasi dan Operasinya

Translasi (pergeseran) adalah pemindahan suatu objek sepanjang garis lurus dengan arah dan jarak tertentu.

Jika translasi
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmX-XwjwdRhiN1Yvp636VAeCPnCaApnktKl25jnl3Z67y5ulBSPIjpMmuT0MZVKnHmdPQ442yTcTt8kqFcpBtCgwPULiWlsR7a0ppeK9S6SFcamMldBCePn7HaoHTfbYTAiEue_JjGDdZP/s320/1.PNGmemetakan titik P (x, y) ke titik P’(x’, y’) maka x’ = x + a dan y’ = y + b atay P’ (x + a, y + b ) ditulis dalam bentuk :

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi228ZrNDdVvJPvDlEmcmNaCCx4lq968Z55KiCJFF9zj7DZSss4t9j73nabHIFoq9PNCbwkFDULeLCvyLH5gfQrwOWG2Ukl8P9dX6NxWqSllaF58k2jgxIaiKXgHZ1FwecR3KtNuCLrTOCa/s320/2.PNG
Contoh : Tentukan koordinat bayangan titik A (-3, 4) oleh translasi https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPxh0aZ2OP4tI1t6bgH1fE-K_1qzqMhvNWCjFwVdr3Q0qIZzfADjgg55SlSQXYwWHe-lj9d98E1-vuPLcjrSz6_0UyHuKGDlUxXTBBQzfw1NZ26CIerj93Cf4Yi0b9IRWDPHZbtnmO9OfS/s320/3.PNG
Jawab :

Jawab :
A’ = ( -3 + 3, 4 + 6)
A’ = (0, 10)

3. Refleksi (Pencerminan)
a. Pencerminan terhadap sumbu x
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr0-uEEDUt87cgpksX5fYMmO0fXwkNEQc1a_aJt3SifSyHWo8ZsS-zRScvBz6uDrt-qCi1Hv7-3PRDlNF-e6gOaZxlM9vWFqzmV9ugohfvVQDWzmVG2K4gY9-7BjWpYMBJikE_i5uoA7RP/s320/4.PNG
Matriks percerminan :
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYNpXplwSMC0XqfkPjM2gUo4NfYRgN9yhKZMjCSP_iRjPIYWFtXwfNH69ROIjvLanFCildDU3sGzMJrT6G4rOl5D-zb7kU7F8KO1yp0sSNHuqV3zoCdHueViSSEQLPIHYGtspGhr0ijjfh/s320/5.PNG
b. Pencerminan Terhadap sumbu y
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibFpIe-qaoU3pTa_MGXbyy7aPZwzTUUBgQWz0B16S3RXVAx01DGW6LFpWSp_wpgns_WkXkTRwlmCTsKBw1MoqBgujorJNKFxC_1uyzw-gBePm-GvYCwuXRnu6XjIzn7MhmLhZoAfmfK_je/s320/6.PNG
Matriks Pencerminan:
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwf73beMC3IOLwAmbJkbK5bexr7ZNypwGowYe4Tr4lwIQPkVkLXJyIv9sCzSCVHfBak8D1wUA9fOcwzK65K7j0bd7AMFcX2Vg2NvvLNkss8_7ERoTQNEeDnHLysDIckvggEj29IVHDOKmk/s320/7.PNG

c. Pencerminan terhadap garis y = x
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyJ_TaySsr_5FGuX2C5JEHFMMY7PMo1YdWCbGBGzKyd3VYi8uVrsfoP5vdJCrz2CIWwVDU5Y9Dc2QR-a5j-9jOwFpSOx1kR2Rtlkekpnfs1iVmjtuUcBYLHBxUF8mIpl-rB8j9nSQkeqGe/s320/8.PNG
Matriks Pencerminan https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEIUi5qqfP4RlyzZOZkbUcv7ocSEVTILqiIYEsrh4fhyphenhyphenerlSmmTRvrBX1jzwb5KL6ppzGoI8ZMe0-9Tx15-2Wvk-qi2Vjr_ATV0RO3wCNp8nhHL88dWEZ_QlyJ7HpAGZJHyQOMauBFpsGf/s320/9.PNG


d. Pencerminan terhadap garis y = -x
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlpDleKY1wPmMkbgiruk6ainM8VWOXsLBuO5Rm7I9FjReYW9CsDaW6X6pKoVpVHSzS0eozUVrTSnwBnWFZVFxMPKsJX3tBHbYAcujXAT5Zl97de-YlnT8vub6R8gmjJhT2Kduyia3m6lpv/s320/10.PNG
Matriks Pencerminan:

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSbH8g-WNxRXXH4yhuiLhsrAfnsoTE1hPfolIRkV07TbiGFK1UURbQ9edcwwQDDNCSsgXiFgnNacvC1vq6sn9J-1QBrlS1Dz5KPc0V048prvAGuB1IZTU8IZzZHiJASkVuQ77AMldnU250/s320/11.PNG
e. Pencerminan terhadap garis x = h
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTGpzMij0q6sP1mw8_6Z6BKVRPaNqam5waB6cJP8IrTZhYfhyphenhyphens3XD4aWXt4wXVenH2gfOro5WWITWbklV6Xo3i6N0eAIL2Epst8shCCL7GgbU9ijgPVlLQmejC2Vb3iQd3y0AbHPctpUhC/s320/13.PNG
Matriks Pencerminan: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiskGP65MCTpD2JpvMpczvLE69Tk-A_mW542_r_vkRAtw_24bESkGcGpqJ9ZXO0z15bzVI1nLUKqTqgv-SVxKFxHtpuS-jdXO6zcQmb09djtkI2SyE1BVgLocztrqmjS2_TRdMs4J6Bo5U5/s320/14.PNG
Sehingga:
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk4gE2NfQ2kfvh69jJ3-hr_l6cofcZR0LiQYpwe8xs-tYLvZiViuPGTHcP07ScJYhhghEw_qgw0hLIeg3yz-3b0JJ2fZtQnCpLcq_vPz9-w6jEPZ6hS4wSY2En9e3inL8AikX2zCEsrFMr/s320/15.PNG

f. Pencerminan terhadap garis y=k
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-rR-MsLCCRBCgYyfDbakJHUCFVcl_fmXKLXXoY8EG4QqfSj526rZpSnLfDTcl7_NpoavdY2PWixuAoJdDY6AR48sE3lu3Si-yte_ZmC4wlmuXQwv_qJx5RQmj3cwrSOyIbzHzbWaVAaic/s320/16.PNG
Matriks Pencerminan : https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFElJTkbOLlzxx3zp5elttqsb57gUoQagz65gG72qTDn1CNYbbE1SEorVyKBRD4r78p6R819m-XhrrHvFfvCDjjsHcrllB7iYfFedFzh8nZxMRw2KOjA6pvdxf3rHkgFeXCdrpOO5gOxxZ/s320/a.PNG
Sehingga:
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1QbQD_HD-66pA9mFmhH5eP73fVZmb2jFx2yZWdUJxvYoyp0N2BS4dkg42ftWAL_KXeKc_y69OZSl5GUu2wrUVAdP5IbO3hZxACZ5NGR0aF8LnAhP-asGFEdD0pWIJHcMzid75J9J1wGyx/s320/b.PNG



g. Pencerminan terhadap titik asal O (0, 0)
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZEMcJjJDlGM2CF5sPUtPfdHtP1TAgfiGZ5aAxmAiAMAlbD7eQltP1wz4Ep7p4T0ixr7m1qRlUQlxswFq1ffjiRa5T2erx9G3DOBt_Yr6XXcb1UjcDHZ2ZEIz9tRf2Qy7asWdRTUfWGGw7/s320/c.PNG
Matriks Pencerminan : https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiepuGOb6MEZbGCgfudGNfapQIlGnCcFrRzLEPBkxIbC2Q2slqj2c_6A2DCv-wAj51Yhm2aoc2JaFahbp_EbmupcfoG4RhqMJogP-P4NVY-PDYeP2PWvixbwbgCV8L49vc0UvUfKL1lG-QU/s320/17.PNG
Sehingga:
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg12umTcm8UOYDCqM-mtvDAACRf7W8bYAxJ6ocu4FDqI-vxfZG3pBqHLd-cwyOUJY74m6TtVZHm3CaEiEv9O7SsEGpVVeqautNh5tlf_kc9PC-j8Qq-SbnsG5NVdht8Bpcu5l0O6erBqitN/s320/18.PNG

h. Pencerminan terhadap garis y = mx dimana m = tan q
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhq98QBPxxzh4lucCGVkFnYcjj_pkV8LLzoRr3skQKzYpLQFAzUSUcES2NeZoQaJ6M4TMaL0Quf3uQ-aDahYQi9OVNHlxYhUBXMzVZSDpa7bHlJMttoNjmtL0cmvk-y1I3YAjB_kXKEC8R/s320/19.PNG
Contoh :
Tentukan bayangan persamaan garis y = 2x – 5 oleh translasi https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8XwucrZDDQALWGfbJ3Hpy9ZAa4D9x7DFXjiQECYJXljCwkJQhf9dD2UBYWHlRRfyky4eZrD4kXqQpGqGDY-CbLLUcwqNeuABEPPZU8FjU2ExMRhLfRjo0Dv22WAs3Z2kCTiSP07bx5TEM/s320/20.PNG

Jawab :
Ambil sembarang titik pada garis y = 2x – 5, misalnya (x, y) dan titik bayangan oleh translasi https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI0CpXcFJx7fzDwydCClr8KWiXJnU8xPB2kFKm2eTm3llgKkZ7-1STGMGjsW5eHDpKU77_EbRGUL-rEP9PaR1g345MJOqWBG-sLVUQMzM6XrtWvdhrsATYtb6ZxmZx2f3c70kkESl6YFgo/s320/21.PNGadalah (x’, y’) sehingga ditulis https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWKu0Ic4aYSWfhwmNGJcurI1WV4yWJNfPSZFpxyTM_AKcpJaJF3lock1-YPl5zOlsYvLJGQAgtIBhyphenhyphenA2fTWSYp4uXlxqf5vMkXdkNfmYDe5lNrR48c0VCUk2sRo3SvgB15z9RdWCO2fEg1/s320/22.PNG
Atau
x’ = x + 3 https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_ju1jpwj8uTm-3KGwiV7rblsZygzZq84m_yFko1X2rIBQYix8bYQvq2e9upL5NL129Y_ijioYtkA0-ybNpePyRK-w2iFU5_uFZFWFqg_MtDvkCtqm03Q9un2yP2KsV8sgnfVO0TaxjlIG/s320/d.PNGx = x’- 3 ..... (1)
y’ = y – 2 https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_ju1jpwj8uTm-3KGwiV7rblsZygzZq84m_yFko1X2rIBQYix8bYQvq2e9upL5NL129Y_ijioYtkA0-ybNpePyRK-w2iFU5_uFZFWFqg_MtDvkCtqm03Q9un2yP2KsV8sgnfVO0TaxjlIG/s320/d.PNGy = y’ + 2 ......(2)
Persamaan (1) dan (2) disubtitusikan pada persamaan garis semula, sehingga :
y = 2x – 5
y’ + 2 = 2 (x’- 3) – 5
y’ = 2x’ – 6 – 5 – 2
y’ = 2x’ – 13
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI0CpXcFJx7fzDwydCClr8KWiXJnU8xPB2kFKm2eTm3llgKkZ7-1STGMGjsW5eHDpKU77_EbRGUL-rEP9PaR1g345MJOqWBG-sLVUQMzM6XrtWvdhrsATYtb6ZxmZx2f3c70kkESl6YFgo/s320/21.PNGadalah y = 2x – 13 .



REFERENSI:
lks MATEMATIKA SMU KELAS XII